Patanjali's
Yoga Sutras
Translation by Vesper’s Havdalah & Firstfruits
Patanjali 1
Aum. The Following Instruction Concerns The Science Of Union.
2 This Union Is Achieved Through The Subjugation Of The Psychic Nature And The Restraint Of The Mind.
3 When This Has Been Accomplished, The Yogis Know Themselves As They Are In Reality.
4 Up Till Now The Inner Persons Have Identified Themselves With Their Forms And With Their Active Modifications.
5 The Mind States Are Five And Are Subject To Pleasure Or Pain; They Are Painful Or Not Painful.
6 These Activities Are Correct Knowledge, Incorrect Knowledge, Fancy, Sleep And Memory.
7 The Basis Of Correct Knowledge Is Correct Perception, Correct Deduction And Correct Evidence.
8 Incorrect Knowledge Is Based Upon Perception Of The Form And Not Upon The State Of Being.
9 Fancy Rests Upon Images Which Have No Real Existence.
10 Sleep Is Based Upon The Quiescent State Of The Senses.
11 Memory Is The Holding On To That Which Has Been Known.
Patanjali 2
The Control Of These Modifications Of The Internal Organ, The Mind, Is To Be Brought About Through Tireless Endeavor And Through Non Attachment.
2 Tireless Endeavor Is The Constant Effort To Restrain The Modifications Of The Mind.
3 When The Object To Be Gained Is Sufficiently Valued And The Efforts Towards Its Attainment Are Persistently Followed Without Intermission, Then The Steadiness Of The Mind Is Secured.
4 Non Attachment Is Freedom From Longing For All Objects Of Desire, Either Earthly Or Traditional, Either Here Or Hereafter.
5 The Consummation Of This Non Attachment Results In An Exact Knowledge Of The Spiritual Person When Liberated From The Essences Or Gunas.
6 The Consciousness Of An Object Is Attained By Concentration Upon Its Fourfold Nature: The Form, Through Examination; The Essence, Through Discriminative Participation; The Purpose, Through Blissful Inspiration; And The Soul, Through Identification.
7 A Further Stage Of Samadhic Ecstacy Is Achieved When, Through One Pointed Thought, The Outer Activity Is Quieted; In This Stage, The Mind Is Responsive Only To Subjective Impressions.
8 The Samadhi Just Described Passes Not Beyond The Bound Of The Phenomenal World; It Passes Not Beyond The Elohim And Those Concerned With The Concrete World.
9 Other Yogis Achieve Samadhi And Arrive At A Discrimination Of Pure Spirit Through Belief, Followed By Energy, Memory, Meditation And Right Perception.
10 The Attainment Of This State Is Rapid For Those Whose Will Is Intensely Alive.
11 Those Who Employ The Will Likewise Differ, For Its Use May Be Intense, Moderate Or Gentle.
Patanjali 3
In Respect To The Attainment Of True Spiritual Consciousness There Is Yet Another Way By Intense Devotion To Ishvara, Knowledge Of Ishvara Is Gained.
2 This Ishvara Is The Soul, Untouched By Limitation, Free From Karma And Desire.
3 In Ishvara, The Gurudeva, The Germ Of All Knowledge Expands Into Infinity.
4 Ishvara, The Gurudeva, Being Unlimited By Time Conditions, Is The Teacher Of The Primeval Lords.
5 The Word Of Ishvara Is Aumen; This Is The Pranava.
6 Through The Sounding Of The Word And Through Reflection Upon Its Meaning, The Way Is Found.
7 From This Comes The Realization Of The Self And The Removal Of All Obstacles.
8 The Obstacles To Soul Cognition Are Bodily Disability, Mental Inertia, Wrong Questioning, Carelessness, Laziness, Lack Of Dispassion, Erroneous Perception, Inability To Achieve Concentration, Failure To Hold The Meditative Attitude When Achieved.
9 Pain, Despair, Misplaced Bodily Activity And Wrong Willing Of The Life Currents Are The Results Of The Obstacles In The Lower Psychic Nature.
10 To Overcome The Obstacles And Their Accompaniments, The Intense Application Of The Will To Some One Principle Is Required.
11 The Peace Of The Mind Can Be Brought About Through The Practice Of Sympathy, Tenderness, Steadiness Of Purpose, And Dispassion In Regard To Pleasure Or Pain, Or Towards All Forms Of Good Or Evil.
12 The Peace Of The Mind Is Also Brought About By The Regulation Of The Prana Or Life Breath.
13 The Mind Can Be Trained To Steadiness Through Those Forms Of Concentration Which Have Relation To The Sense Perceptions.
14 By Meditation Upon Light And Upon Radiance, Knowledge Of The Spirit Can Be Reached, And Thus Peace Can Be Achieved.
15 The Mind Is Stabilized And Rendered Free From Illusion As The Lower Nature Is Purified And No Longer Indulged.
16 Peace Can Be Reached Through Meditation On The Knowledge Which Dreams Give.
17 Peace Can Also Be Reached Through Concentration Upon That Which Is Dearest To The Heart.
18 Thus One’s Realization Extends From The Infinitely Small To The Infinitely Great, And From Annu To Atma One’s Knowledge Is Perfected.
Patanjali 4
To They Whose Thoughts Are Entirely Controlled, There Eventuates A State Of Identity With, And Similarity To That Which Is Realized; The Knower, Knowledge And The Field Of Knowledge Become One, Just As The Crystal Takes To Itself The Colors Of That Which Is Reflected In It.
2 When The Perceiver Blends The Word, The Idea And The Object, This Is Called The Mental Condition Of Judicial Reasoning.
3 Perception Without Judicial Reasoning Is Arrived At When The Memory No Longer Holds Control, The Word And The Object Are Transcended, And Only The Idea Is Present.
4 The Same Two Processes Of Concentration, With And Without Judicial Action Of The Mind, Can Be Applied Also To Things Subtle.
5 The Gross Leads Into The Subtle, And The Subtle Leads In Progressive Stages To That State Of Pure Spiritual Being Called Prodhana.
6 All This Constitutes Meditation With Seed.
7 When This Super Contemplative State Is Reached, The Yogis Acquire Pure Spiritual Realization Through The Balanced Quiet Of The Mind.
8 Their Perception Is Now Unfailingly Exact.
9 This Particular Perception Is Unique And Reveals That Which The Rational Mind Cannot Reveal.
10 It Is Hostile To, Or Supersedes All Other Impressions.
11 When This State Of Perception Is Itself Also Superseded, Then Pure Samadhi Is Achieved.
Patanjali 5
The Yoga Of Action, Leading To Union With The Soul Is Fiery Aspiration, Spiritual Reading And Devotion To Ishvara.
2 The Aim Of These Three Is To Bring About Soul Vision And To Eliminate Obstructions.
3 These Are The Difficulty-producing Hindrances: Ignorance, The Sense Of Personality, Desire, Hate And The Sense Of Attachment.
4 Ignorance Is The Cause Of All Of The Other Obstructions Whether They Be Latent, In Process Of Elimination, Overcome, Or In Full Operation.
5 Ignorance Is The Condition Of Confusing The Permanent, Pure, Blissful And The Self With That Which Is Impermanent, Impure, Painful And The Not Self.
6 The Sense Of Personality Is Due To The Identification Of The Knower With The Instruments Of Knowledge.
7 Desire Is Attachment To Objects Of Pleasure.
8 Hate Is Aversion For Any Object Of The Senses.
9 Intense Desire For Sentient Existence Is Attachment; This Is Inherent In Every Form, Is Self Perpetuating And Known Even To The Very Wise.
10 These Five Hindrances, When Subtly Known, Can Be Overcome By An Opposing Mental Attitude.
11 Their Activities Are To Be Done Away With, Through The Meditation Process.
12 Karma Itself Has Its Root In These Five Hindrances And Must Come To Fruition In This Life Or In Some Later Life.
13 So Long As The Roots Exist, Their Fruition Will Be Birth, Life And Experiences Resulting In Pleasure Or Pain.
14 These Seeds Produce Pleasure Or Pain According As Their Originating Cause Was Good Or Evil.
15 To The Illuminated One All Existence Is Considered Pain, Owing To The Activities Of The Essences.
16 These Activities Are Threefold, Producing Consequences, Anxieties And Subliminal Impressions.
17 Pain Which Is Yet To Come May Be Warded Off.
18 The Illusion That The Perceiver And That Which Is Perceived Are One And The Same Is The Cause Which Must Be Warded Off.
19 That Which Is Perceived Has Three Qualities: Rhythm, Mobility And Inertia; It Consists Of The Elements And The Sense Organs.
20 The Use Of These Produces Experience And Eventual Liberation.
Patanjali 6
The Divisions Of The Essences Are Fourfold: The Specific, The Non Specific, The Indicated And The Untouchable.
2 The Seers Are Pure Gnosis; Though Pure, They Look Upon The Presented Idea Through The Medium Of The Mind.
3 All That Is Exists For The Sake Of The Soul.
4 In The Case Of One Who Has Achieved Union, The Objective Universe Has Ceased To Be; Yet It Exists Still For Those Who Are Not Yet Free.
5 The Association Of The Soul With The Mind And Thus With That Which The Mind Perceives, Produces An Understanding Of The Nature Of That Which Is Perceived And Likewise Of The Perceiver.
6 The Cause Of This Association Is Ignorance; This Has To Be Overcome.
7 When Ignorance Is Brought To An End Through Non Association With The Things Perceived, This Is The Great Liberation.
8 The State Of Bondage Is Overcome Through Perfectly Maintained Discrimination.
9 The Illumination Achieved Is Seven Fold And Is Attained Progressively.
10 When The Means To Yoga Have Been Steadily Practiced, And When Impurity Has Been Overcome, Enlightenment Takes Place, Leading Up To Full Illumination.
11 The Eight Means Of Yoga Are: The Commandments Or Yama, The Rules Or Niyama, Posture Or Asana, Right Control Of Life Force Or Pranayama, Abstraction Or Pratyahara, Attention Or Dharana, Meditation Or Dhyana, Contemplation Or Samadhi.
12 Harmlessness, Truth To All Beings, Abstention From Theft, From Incontinence And From Avarice, Constitute Yama Or The Five Commandments.
13 Yama Constitutes The Universal Duty And Is Irrespective Of Race, Place, Time Or Emergency.
14 Internal And External Purification, Contentment, Fiery Aspiration, Spiritual Reading And Devotion To Ishvara Constitutes Niyama.
Patanjali 7
Thoughts Contrary To Yoga Are Harmfulness, Falsehood, Theft, Incontinence, And Avarice, Whether Committed Personally, Caused To Be Committed Or Approved Of, Whether Arising From Avarice, Anger Or Delusion; Whether Slight In The Doing, Middling Or Great.
2 These Result Always In Excessive Pain And Ignorance; For This Reason, The Contrary Thoughts Must Be Cultivated.
3 In The Presence Of Them Who Have Perfected Harmlessness, All Enmity Ceases.
4 When Truth To All Beings Is Perfected, The Effectiveness Of Their Words And Acts Are Immediately To Be Seen.
5 When Abstention From Theft Is Perfected, The Yogi Can Have Whatever They Desire.
6 By Abstention From Incontinence, Energy Is Acquired.
7 When Abstention From Avarice Is Perfected, There Comes An Understanding Of The Law Of Rebirth.
8 Internal And External Purification Produces Aversion For Form, Both One's Own And All Forms.
9 Through Purification Comes Also A Quiet Spirit, Concentration, Conquest Of The Organs, And Ability To See The Self.
10 As A Result Of Contentment Bliss Is Achieved.
11 Through Fiery Aspiration And Through The Removal Of All Impurity, Comes The Perfecting Of The Bodily Powers And Of The Senses.
12 Spiritual Reading Results In A Contact With The Divine One.
13 Through Devotion To Ishvara, The Goal Of Meditation Is Reached.
14 The Posture Assumed Must Be Steady And Easy.
15 Steadiness And Ease Of Posture Is To Be Achieved Through Persistent Slight Effort And Through The Concentration Of The Mind Upon The Infinite.
16 When This Is Attained, The Pairs Of Opposites No Longer Limit.
17 When Right Asana Has Been Attained, There Follows Right Control Of Prana And Proper Inspiration And Expiration Of The Breath.
18 Right Control Of Prana Is External, Internal Or Motionless; It Is Subject To Place, Time And Number And Is Also Protracted Or Brief.
19 There Is A Fourth Stage Which Transcends Those Dealing With The Internal And External Phases.
20 Through This, That Which Obscures The Light Is Gradually Removed.
21 And The Mind Is Prepared For Concentrated Meditation.
22 Abstract Pratyhara Is The Subjugation Of The Senses By The Thinking Principle And Their Withdrawal From That Which Has Hitherto Been Their Objects.
23 As A Result Of These Means There Follows The Complete Subjugation Of The Sense Organs.
Patanjali 8
Concentration Is The Fixing Of The Mind Upon A Particular Object; This Is Dharana.
2 Sustained Concentration Is Dhyana.
3 When The Mind Becomes Absorbed In That Which Is The Reality, And Is Unaware Of Separateness Of The Personal Self, This Is Samadhi.
4 When Concentration, Meditation And Contemplation Form One Sequential Act, Then Is Sanyama Achieved.
5 As A Result Of Sanyama Comes The Shining Forth Of The Light.
6 This Illumination Is Gradual; It Is Developed Stage By Stage.
7 These Last Three Means Of Yoga Have A More Intimate Subjective Effect Than The Previous Means.
8 Even These Three, However, Are External To The True Seedless Samadhi Which Is Not Based On An Object; It Is Free From The Effects Of The Discriminative Nature Of The Mind.
9 The Sequence Of Mental States Is As Follows: The Mind Reacts To That Which Is Seen; Then Follows The Moment Of Mind Control.
10 Then Ensues A Moment Wherein The Mind Responds To Both These Factors.
11 Finally These Pass Away, And The Perceiving Consciousness Has Full Sway.
12 Through The Cultivation Of This Habit Of Mind There Will Eventuate A Steadiness Of Spiritual Perception.
13 The Establishing Of This Habit, And The Restraining Of The Mind From Its Thought Form Making Tendency, Results Eventually In The Constant Power To Contemplate.
14 When Mind Control And The Controlling Factor Are Equally Balanced, Then Comes The Condition Of One Pointedness.
15 Through This Process, The Aspects Of Every Object Are Known: Their Character, Their Symbolic Nature, And Their Specific Use In Stages Of Development Are Known And Realized.
16 The Characteristics Of Every Object Are Acquired, Manifesting Or Latent.
17 The Stage Of Development Is Responsible For The Various Modifications Of The Versatile Psychic Nature And Of The Thinking Principle.
Patanjali 9
Through Concentrated Meditation Upon The Triple Nature Of Every Form Comes The Revelation Of That Which Has Been And Of That Which Will Be.
2 The Sound, That Which It Denotes And The Embodied Spiritual Essence Are Usually Confused In The Mind Of The Perceiver.
3 By Concentrated Meditation On These Three Aspects Comes A Comprehension Of The Sound Uttered By All Forms Of Life.
4 Knowledge Of Previous Incarnations Becomes Available When The Power To See Thought Images Is Acquired.
5 Through Concentrated Meditation, The Thought Images In The Minds Of Other People Become Apparent.
6 As, However, The Object Of Those Thoughts Is Not Apparent To The Perceiver, They See Only The Thought And Not The Object; Their Meditation Excludes The Tangible.
7 By Concentrated Meditation Upon The Distinction Between Form And Body, Those Properties Of The Body Which Make It Visible To The Human Eye Are Negated And The Yogis Can Render Themselves Invisible.
8 Karma Is Of Two Kinds: Immediate Karma Or Future Karma.
9 By Perfectly Concentrated Meditation On These, The Yogis Know The Term Of Their Experience In The Three Worlds.
10 This Knowledge Comes Also From Signs.
11 Union With Others Is To Be Gained Through One Pointed Meditation Upon The Three States Of Compassion, Tenderness And Dispassion.
12 Meditation, One Pointedly Centered Upon The Power Of The Elephant, Will Awaken That Force Or Light.
13 Perfectly Concentrated Meditation Upon The Awakened Light Will Produce The Consciousness Of That Which Is Subtle, Hidden Or Remote.
14 Through Meditation, One Pointedly Fixed Upon The Sun, Will Come A Consciousness Of The Seven Worlds.
15 A Knowledge Of All Lunar Forms Arises Through One Pointed Meditation Upon The Moon.
16 Concentration Upon The Pole Star Will Give Knowledge Of The Orbits Of The Planets And The Stars.
17 By Concentrated Attention Upon The Center Called The Solar Plexus, Comes Perfected Knowledge As To The Condition Of The Body.
18 By Fixing The Attention Upon The Throat Center, The Cessation Of Hunger And Thirst Will Ensue.
19 By Fixing The Attention Upon The Tube Or Nerve Below The Throat Center, Equilibrium Is Achieved.
20 Those Who Have Attained Self Mastery Can Be Seen And Contacted Through Focussing The Light In The Head.
21 This Power Is Developed In One Pointed Meditation.
Patanjali 10
All Things Can Be Known In The Vivid Light Of The Intuition.
2 Understanding Of The Mind Consciousness Comes From One Pointed Meditation Upon The Heart Center.
3 Duality Comes From The Inability Of The Soul To Distinguish Between The Personal Self And The Spirit.
4 The Objective Forms Exist For The Use Of The Spiritual Human.
5 By Meditation Upon This, Arises The Intuitive Perception Of The Spiritual Nature.
6 As The Result Of This Experience And Meditation, The Higher Hearing, Touch, Sight, Taste And Smell Are Developed, Producing Intuitional Knowledge.
7 These Powers Are Obstacles To The Highest Spiritual Realization, But Serve As Magical Powers In The Objective Worlds.
8 By Liberation From The Causes Of Bondage Through Their Weakening And By An Understanding Of The Mode Of Transference, There Is Liberation From Water, The Thorny Path, And Mire; And The Power Of Ascension Is Gained.
9 Through Subjugation Of The Samana, The Spark Becomes The Flame.
Patanjali 11
By The Means Of One Pointed Meditation Upon The Relationship Between The Akasha And Sound, An Organ For Spiritual Hearing Will Be Developed.
2 By One Pointed Meditation Upon The Relationship Existing Between The One Body And The Akasha, Ascension Out Of Matter And Power To Travel In Space Is Gained.
3 When That Which Veils The Light Is Done Away With, Then Comes The State Of Being Called Disembodied, Freed From The Modification Of The Thinking Principle This Is The State Of Illumination.
4 One Pointed Meditation Upon The Five Forms Which Every Element Takes, Produces Mastery Over Every Element.
5 These Five Forms Are The Gross Nature, The Elemental Form, The Quality, The Pervasiveness And The Basic Purpose.
6 Through This Mastery, Minuteness And The Other Powers Are Attained, Likewise Bodily Perfection And Freedom From All Hindrances.
7 Symmetry Of Form, Beauty Of Color, Strength And The Compactness Of The Diamond, Constitute Bodily Perfection.
8 Mastery Over The Senses Is Brought About Through Concentrated Meditation Upon Their Nature, Peculiar Attributes, Egoism, Pervasiveness And Useful Purpose.
9 As A Result Of This Perfection There Comes Rapidity Of Action Like That Of Mind, Perception Independent Of The Organs, And Mastery Over Root Substance.
10 The One Who Can Discriminate Between The Soul And The Spirit Achieves Supremacy Over All Conditions And Becomes Omniscient.
11 By A Passionless Attitude Towards This Attainment And Towards All Soul Powers, The One Who Is Free From The Seeds Of Bondage Attains The Condition Of Isolated Unity.
12 There Should Be Entire Rejection Of All Allurements From All Forms Of Being, Even The Celestial; For The Recurrence Of Evil Contacts Remains Possible.
13 Intuitive Knowledge Is Developed Through The Use Of The Discriminative Faculty When There Is One Pointed Concentration Upon Moments And Their Continuous Succession.
14 From This Intuitive Knowledge Is Born The Capacity To Discern And To Cognize Their Genus, Qualities And Position In Space.
15 This Intuitive Knowledge, Which Is The Great Deliverer, Is Omnipresent And Omniscient And Includes The Past, The Present And The Future In The Eternal Now.
16 When The Objective Forms And The Soul Have Reached A Condition Of Equal Purity, Then Is At One Ment Achieved And Liberation Results.
Patanjali 12
The Higher And Lower Powers Are Gained By Incarnation, Or By Drugs, Words Of Power, Intense Desire Or By Meditation.
2 The Transfer Of The Consciousness From A Lower Vehicle Into A Higher Is Part Of The Great Creative And Evolutionary Process.
3 The Practices And Methods Are Not The True Cause Of The Transfer Of Consciousness, But They Serve To Remove Obstacles, Just As The Husbandman Prepares The Ground For Sowing.
4 The I Am Consciousness Is Responsible For The Creation Of The Organs Through Which The Sense Of Individuality Is Enjoyed.
5 Consciousness Is One Yet Produces The Varied Forms Of The Many.
6 Among The Forms Which Consciousness Assumes, Only That Which Is The Result Of Meditation Is Free From Latent Karma.
7 The Activities Of The Liberated Soul Are Free From The Pairs Of Opposites; Those Of Other People Are Of Three Kinds.
8 From These Three Kinds Of Karma Emerge Those Forms Which Are Necessary For The Fruition Of The Effects.
9 There Is Identity Of Relation Between Memory And The Effect Producing Cause, Even When Separated By Species, Time And Place.
10 Desire To Live Being Eternal, These Mind Created Forms Are Without Known Beginning.
11 These Forms Being Created And Held Together Through Desire, The Basic Cause, Personality, The Effective Result, Mental Vitality Or The Will To Live, And The Support Of The Outward Going Life Or Object; When These Cease To Attract, Then The Forms Cease Likewise To Be.
12 The Past And The Present Exist In Reality.
13 The Form Assumed In The Time Concept Of The Present Is The Result Of Developed Characteristics And Holds Latent Seeds Of Future Quality.
14 The Characteristics, Whether Latent Or Potent, Partake Of The Nature Of The Three Essences.
15 The Manifestation Of The Objective Form Is Due To The One Pointedness Of The Effect Producing Cause.
16 These Two, Consciousness And Form, Are Distinct And Separate; Though Forms May Be Similar, The Consciousness May Function On Differing Levels Of Being.
Patanjali 13
The Many Modifications Of The One Mind Produce The Diverse Forms, Which Depend For Existence Upon Those Many Mind Impulses.
2 These Forms Are Cognized Or Not, According To The Qualities Latent In The Perceiving Consciousness.
3 The Lord Of The Mind, The Perceiver, Is Ever Aware Of The Constantly Active Mind Stuff, The Effect Producing Cause.
4 Because It Can Be Seen Or Cognised It Is Apparent That The Mind Is Not The Source Of Illumination.
5 Neither Can It Know Two Objects Simultaneously, Itself And That Which Is External To Itself.
6 If Knowledge Of The Mind By A Remoter Mind Is Postulated, An Infinite Number Of Knowers Must Be Inferred; And The Sequence Of Memory Reactions Would Tend To Infinite Confusion.
7 When The Spiritual Intelligence Which Stands Alone And Freed From Objects, Reflects Itself In The Mind Stuff, Then Comes Awareness Of The Self.
8 Then The Mind Stuff, Reflecting Both The Knower And The Knowable, Becomes Omniscient.
9 The Mind Stuff Also, Reflecting As It Does An Infinity Of Mind Impressions, Becomes The Instrument Of The Self And Acts As A Unifying Agent.
10 The State Of Isolated Unity Is The Reward Of The One Who Can Discriminate Between The Mind Stuff And The Self, Or Spiritual Person.
11 The Mind Then Tends Towards Discrimination And Increasing Illumination As To The True Nature Of The One Self.
12 Through Force Of Habit, However, The Mind Will Reflect Other Mental Impressions And Perceive Objects Of Sensuous Perception.
13 These Reflections Are Of The Nature Of Hindrances, And The Method Of Their Overcoming Is The Same.
14 The One Who Develops Non Attachment Even In Their Aspiration After Illumination And Isolated Unity, Become Aware, Eventually, Through Practiced Discrimination Of The Overshadowing Cloud Of Spiritual Knowledge.
15 When This Stage Is Reached, Then The Hindrances And Karma Are Overcome.
16 When, Through The Removal Of The Hindrances And The Purification Of All The Sheaths, The Totality Of Knowledge Becomes Available, Naught Further Remains For One To Do.
17 The Modifications Of The Mind Through The Inherent Nature Of The Three Essences Come To An End, For They Have Served Their Purpose.
18 Time, Which Is The Sequence Of The Modifications Of The Mind, Likewise Terminates, Giving Place To The Eternal Now.
19 The State Of Isolated Unity Becomes Possible When The Three Essences Of Matter No Longer Exercise Any Hold Over The Self.
20 The Pure Spiritual Consciousness Withdraws Into The Monad.